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Is M.K.Gandhi the father of the nation?

Source -: Times of India

Why do we delay things?

This is a problem that WE i.e. new generation mostly face. This is called Procrastination. Then what's the reason behind this?

If you are postponing something, you are obviously doing something that you don't want to do. If there is something that you really want to do, Will you postpone it or prepone it? Have you ever seen somebody waiting for somebody badly want to see, they see the watch probably more than 25 times in 10 minutes. This is because they want to prepone it. They want the time to go fast. You are postponing it because you are doing something that you don't want to do, so you want to postpone it. The clear idea is not to going for doing something which we don't want to do, then why do we do it?
                          We do it because we think,"If I do this, I will get that".
This is may be job, money, somebody else, position, attention or fame. But, that's not the point. One thing that needs to be clear that "There is nothing to get in this life".Either you lived this life in a profound and intense manner or you didn't. What will you get in the end? So, in the end what will happen to you and me? They will either bury us or burn us. That's all will happen in the end.
Do you think something else?
Will they give you a prize?
Nothing will happen in the end. You are not gonna take anything from here. Only thing is the process of life how wonderfully did you live. So, If you are really doing something really wonderfully, you will always prepone it. So, you must find what is it that you really want to do. If you find that one thing, you will always prepone. You will never delay things then. Instead, you will do it before the stipulated time.

Credit-: Sadhguru

Math riddle - 3,4,7,42 triangle problem

In question,
✔️7^^ - 3^^ - 4^^
= 49 - 9- 16
= 49 - 25
= 24
It's reverse is written -: 42
✔️8^^ - 6^^ - 3^^
= 64 - 36 - 9
= 64 - 45
= 19
It's reverse is written -: 91
Similarly,
9^^ - 5^^ - 3^^
= 81 - 25 - 9
= 81- 34
= 47
The answer is 74♥️

Which Country's national flag isn't rectangular in nature?

NEPAL

Nepal possess a non-rectangular national flag consisting of two united pennant (triangular flag) shapes. Nepal is the only country in the modern world that does not have a rectangular national flag. It is crimson with blue borders and incorporates stylized symbols of the sun and moon.

Hundreds of independent states existed on the Indian subcontinent prior to the period of British control there in the 17th–19th centuries. Many of these countries, including Nepal, had state flags of their own, their symbols usually representing the ruling dynasty. Frequently, the flag designs, shapes, and colours were (by European standards) unusual. Most of those flags disappeared as the British extended their control; the remainder lost international validity with the establishment of independent India in 1947.

Nepal has remained a separate, sovereign kingdom and proudly flies its traditional flag, whose basic design dates back for centuries. The background colour is crimson, the border a dark blue—both popular colours in Nepalese art and decoration. In the upper segment is a white moon emitting eight rays, with a crescent attached below; in the bottom segment appears a white, stylized sun with 12 rays. These two symbols are associated with different dynasties and also express the hope that the country may have the same longevity as the sun and moon. Originally, there were facial features represented in red on both the sun and moon. The present flag, which omits those features, was established under the new constitution of December 16, 1962. The same symbols appear on the dozens of different civil and military flags used by Nepalese officials.

Source -: britannica.com & Wiki

which country has no words in it's national anthem?

It's SPAIN.

The "Marcha Real" (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈmaɾtʃa reˈal]; "Royal March") is the national anthem of Spain. It is one of only four national anthems in the world (along with those of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, and San Marino) that has no official lyrics. (although it had lyrics in the past, they are no longer used).

History

Though the Marcha Real has no lyrics, words have been written and used for it in the past. One version was used during Alfonso XIII's reign and another during the Francoist State; however, none of them were ever made official. The national anthem has been played without words since 1978, when the lyrics that had been approved by General Francisco Franco were abandoned.

After witnessing a rendition of "You'll Never Walk Alone" at Anfield in 2007, the President of the Spanish Olympic Committee (COE), Alejandro Blanco, said he felt inspired to seek lyrics to "La Marcha Real" ahead of Madrid's bid to host the 2016 Olympic Games. That same year Telecinco, enticed by the COE, organized a National contest and posted 25 different lyrics on their website which they thought best matched COE's requirements. The winner was chosen after 40,000 people voted. The lyrics by Enrique Hernández-Luike, magazine publisher and poet, spoke of freedom, peace and the Constitution. The winning lyrics were sung by the Ronda de Aranzueque choir in Pastrana, and filmed by German television. However, the COE organized a new competition for the lyrics, which resulted in between 2,000 and 7,000 entries (depending on source). A private team of jurors chose the entry by Paulino Cubero, then unemployed. The new lyrics received criticism, resulting in them being pulled only five days later, and the idea was scrapped indefinitely. However, A number of the autonomous communities of Spain have their own regional anthems.

What do we need to become happy???

I have seen people giving sweets or parties when something good happens. if you are smiling or laughing , then your friends or colleagues used to ask "what is the good news?? Tell us". If you say them that you are in a good mood, then they usually ask "kis khusi me" (what cause you happy?). But personally, I feel a person doesn't need something or someone to become happy.. we don't need any reason to become happy....in fact we need a reason to become unhappy.

Let's start from a child... As long as the child isn't hungry or frightened or feeling any pain in his/her body, he/she never cries ... They play all day long with full enthusiasm and spirit until they are hungry or any physical problem occurs. So the question is what happens to us when we grow old...how we changed ??? who told us that in order to become happy, we need a reason?? This life is full of uncertainty with unfixed & unknown end point. So, why do we indulge ourselves in anxiety and over-thinking so much about the future making our present horrible. We came here alone & we will go alone without taking any object from here. So, why so much worries for collecting objects & money???

Shouldn't we live in the present with full energy accepting the reality as it is?? So, why do we indulge in so much comparisons and jealousy?? Does the worldly things permanent?? Surely, Not. Don't you think we have millions of reasons with us to make ourselves happy.
- The sun , the earth , the stars, the trees , the whole universe all are acting perfectly, so that we can be able to live here.
- Aren't we lucky enough that We are blessed with a beautiful body with full fledged organs which Millions of in-born child don't have.
- We all are living. The main motto of our life is nothing but to live. Everybody wants to live. Aren't we blessed enough because our breaths are still going on??
- We have parents who all of us don't have. Just think they are the only persons who think about you first & about them later. Aren't we blessed because we have them in this selfish world??
- Millions of people don't get food, drinking water, fresh oxygen , clothes & even a roof to live. Aren't we lucky that we have all of them? So, is it necessary to compare yourself with others and trying to be like him/her?? Aren't we complete and beautiful in our own way??

Everybody is different based upon their thinking and lifestyle. So, why do we follow others and try to become like someone else? We see someone and assumes that he is successful so he must be happy and we start following them blindly. We develop our expectations not by listening to the words came from our heart but following someone else's path. Based upon our expectations, we set a goal and run before that. When we don't achieve, we start considering ourselves as a failure and become unhappy. The fact is, there is nothing wrong happened actually... We are sad only because our expectations based upon comparisons with others that we constantly develop in our mind aren't fulfilled.

Even if we achieve it, we never become happy because another goal has already reached our mind by that time. We keep this event aside and go for the next goal and this is how life continues...We never sit back and cherish the moment because we are too busy completing our expectations.

We need to understand that life will eventually end one day and as Steve jobs said -:

"Your time is limited, don't waste it living someone else's life".

Stop comparing yourself to others... Stop worrying too much about the future...live the life.. Cherish this present moment.. because this moment won't come again... So why waste it being worry or unhappy, let's enjoy it.. .. let's accept the reality as it is...let's live the life happily without searching any reason because every second lost is lost forever.

Thanks for reading

Scalar & vector problem

Q - :
Two men A and B can swim in still water, at the rate of 5km/hr. The man A swims upstream a distance half km equal to width of river and B swims straight across the river and back again. Assuming that the velocity of river is 3 km/hr, find the difference in the time taken by them.

Sol - :


Here, velocity of man is, v = 5 km/hr

Velocity of river is, u = 3 km/hr, along QP.

Swimmer - A


Velocity of swimmer A w.r.t. bank while going from P to Q = v - u

Velocity of swimmer A w.r.t. bank while coming back from Q to P = v + u

Time taken by swimmer A to make the round trip is,

t' = d/v-u + d/v+u
   = 2vd / v^2 - u^2
   = 2*5*0.5 / 5^2 - 3^2
   = 5/16 hr
   = 18 min 45 sec

Swimmer - B

To cross the river straight across man will dive at angle @ given by,

Sin @ = u / v = 3/5

Therefore, time taken by man B to make the round trip is - :

t'' = 2d / vcos @
    = 2*0.5 / 5*0.8
    = 1/4 hr
    = 15 min

Difference of time taken by two swimmers = t' - t''
 = 18 min 45 sec - 15 min
 = 3 min 45 second

Funny math riddles

Q - :

6 cats kill 6 rats in 6 minutes .how many cats will be
needed to kill 100 rats in 50 minutes?

A - :


6 cats----6 rats---6 min
1 cat-----6 rats---36 min
1 cat---1 rat----6 min

1 cat---100rats----600 min
1 cat---100 rats---12*50 min
12 cats---100 rats----50 min.

so ans is 12 cats.

      (OR)



one cat kill one rat in six minutes
so 1 cat kills 100 rat in 6*100=600minutes
then 100 rats to be killed in 50 minutes requires 600/50=12 cats
so the answer is 12

Be satisfied..... stay happy

🌷🍀🌷A famous writer was in his study room.
He picked up his pen and started writing:
**Last year,
I had a surgery and my gall bladder was removed.
I had to stay stuck to the bed due to this surgery for a long time.🌷 👴
**The same year
I reached the age of 60 years and had to give up my favourite job.😒😞😣
I had spent 30 years of my life in this publishing company. 😌😥
**The same year
I experienced the sorrow of the death of my father.😥😭
**And in the same year
my son failed in his medical exam because he had a car accident.😰😓
He had to stay in bed at hospital with the cast on for several days.😞😣
The destruction of car was another loss. 😰😥
At the end he wrote:
Alas! It was such bad year!!
When the writer's wife entered the room,
she found her husband looking sad lost in his thoughts.😑😕
From behind his back she read what was written on the paper.😟😥
She left the room silently and came back with another paper and placed it on side of her husband's writing.
When the writer saw this paper,
he found this written on it:
**Last year I finally got rid of my gall bladder due to which I had spent years in pain.😀😀
**I turned 60 with sound health and got retired from my job. Now I can utilise my time to write something better with more focus and peace.😊😊
**The same year my father, at the age of 95, without depending on anyone or without any critical condition met his Creator. 😊😊☺☺
**The same year, God blessed my son with a new life. My car was destroyed but my son stayed alive without getting any disability.😊😊
At the end she wrote:
This year was an immense blessing of God and it passed well!!😀😀😊😊☺☺
See!!
The same incidents but different viewpoints.
If we ponder with this viewpoint that what could have happened more,
we would truly become thankful to the Almighty.😀😊☺
Moral : In daily lives we must see that its not happiness that makes us grateful but gratefulness that makes us happy.😊😊😀😀
There is always, always, always something to be thankful for.😀😀
 ☀⛅⛅Stay Blessed 😃
🌷🍀🌷🍀🌷🍀🌷🍀🌷🍀🌷🌷🍀🌷🍀🌷🍀🌷🍀🌷🍀🌷
always try to improve in your work & try to achieve growth in your career...... concentrate on your work only.....
but whatever u get, never complain to anyone or god that why this happened to you... whatever happens, happens for your goodness.
be satisfied with what is bestowed upon you by God because those possessions which u already have in your life, millions of people in the world don't have the  privilege to get that & they are longing to live a life like you.
Be satisfied..... be happy.... & spread happiness.

Presentation does matter.....

Presentation Does Matter.. No Matter What The Reality Is


Women chatting in office..

Woman 1:" I had a fine evening, how was yours.. ??

Woman 2:" It was a disaster.. My husband came home, ate his dinner in 3 minutes and fell a sleep.. How was yours.. ??

Woman 1:" Oh it was amazing! My husband came home and took me out for a romantic dinner.. After dinner we walked for an hour.. When we came home he lit the candles around the house..It was like a fairy tale!

At the same time, their husbands are talking at work..

Husband 1:" How was your evening.. ??

Husband 2:" Great.. I came home, dinner was on the table, I ate and fell asleep. What about you ??

Husband 1:" It was horrible. I came home, there's no dinner, they cut the electricity because I forgot to pay the bill; so I took her out for dinner which was so expensive that i didn't had money left for a cab.

We walked home which took an hour and when we got home i remembered there was no electricity so I had to light candles all over the house!!

Moral - :
"Presentation does matter.. No matter what the reality is..!!

Who is happy???

Who is Happy? The Peacock and The Crow Story


A Crow Lived in the Forest and was absolutely satisfied in life. But one day he saw a swan… This swan is so white and I am so black…crow thought.

This swan must be the happiest bird in the world.

He expressed his thoughts to the swan. “Actually,” the swan replied,
“I was feeling that I was the happiest bird around until I saw a parrot, which has two colours. I now think the parrot is the happiest bird in creation.”

The crow then approached the parrot. The parrot explained, “I lived a very happy life—until I saw a peacock. I have only two colours, but the peacock has multiple colours.”

The crow then visited a peacock in the zoo and saw that hundreds of people had gathered to see him.

After the people had left, The crow approached the Peacock..

Dear Peacock, You are so beautiful. Every day thousands of people come to see you.
When people see me, they immediately shoo me away. I think you are the happiest bird on the planet.

The peacock replied, I always thought that I was the most beautiful and happy bird on the planet. But because of my beauty, I am entrapped in this zoo.

I have examined the zoo very carefully, and I have realised that the crow is the only bird not kept in a cage.

So for past few days I have been thinking that if I were a crow, I could happily roam everywhere…

That’s our problem too. We make unnecessary comparison with others and become sad. We don’t value what has God given us.

This all leads to the vicious cycle of unhappiness. Value the things god has given us. Learn the secret of being happy and discard the comparison which leads only to unhappiness..

Words : Inextinguishable

The Fence – A story with true meaning


There once was a young boy with a very bad temper.

The boy’s father wanted to teach him a lesson, so he gave him a bag of nails and told him that every time he lost his temper he must hammer a nail into their wooden fence.

On the first day of this lesson, the little boy had driven 37 nails into the fence. He was really mad!

Over the course of the next few weeks, the little boy began to control his temper, so the number of nails that were hammered into the fence dramatically decreased.

It wasn’t long before the little boy discovered it was easier to hold his temper than to drive those nails into the fence.

Then, the day finally came when the little boy didn’t lose his temper even once, and he became so proud of himself, he couldn’t wait to tell his father.

Pleased, his father suggested that he now pull out one nail for each day that he could hold his temper.

Several weeks went by and the day finally came when the young boy was able to tell his father that all the nails were gone.

Very gently, the father took his son by the hand and led him to the fence.

“You have done very well, my son,” he smiled, “but look at the holes in the fence. The fence will never be the same.”

The little boy listened carefully as his father continued to speak.

“When you say things in anger, they leave permanent scars just like these. And no matter how many times you say you’re sorry, the wounds will still be there.”

Be careful with YOUR words.

what is positivity?

It Will Take Just 1 Minute to Read this Story, But It Will Change Your Thinking!
Sometimes life can be tough, and it is easy to focus on the negative. However, those who are true to the positive and joys of life will see this story for what it really is — The true way we should view life and all its wonders.

Read the story below and let it change your thinking about life!



Two men are seriously ill and in the same hospital room. For an hour each day, the nurses would let the man closest to the room’s only window sit up in order to help drain the fluid in his lungs.

The other man in the room spent all his time flat on his back.

As you can imagine, with little else to do, the men would talk for hours. They spoke about their families, homes, their lives in the military and where they had travelled.

And each day, the man sitting away from the window longed for the hour when his roommate would be able to sit up and describe the details of the world outside their room.

He would speak of children playing, of animals peacefully roaming and of happy families playing in the water.

Sadly, after months of this, the day arrived when the man closest to the window died in his sleep. After his body had been removed from the room and some time had passed, the other man asked if he could take the bed by the window. The nurses were happy to oblige him and they made the switch.

Once they were gone, the man slowly and painfully pulled himself up so he could take his first good look at the world outside the hospital room, the world whose description had brought him so much comfort.

To his dismay, he found that the view was not as vibrant as he’d been told; in fact, the window faced a blank wall.

Upset, the man called for the nurse and explained the situation.

“Why would he lie to me?” he questioned the nurse.

After thinking for a moment, the nurse looked at him and said:


“Maybe he just wanted to encourage you.”

This should be a lesson to all of us that no matter our situation, we can do tremendous good for those around us by looking on the bright side of every situation.

Even when we’re faced with what seems like an impenetrable brick wall, we can bring so much happiness and joy to those around us if we find positive ways of looking at the world.

The man in the story could just as easily have described the bland, brick wall that stood outside the window but instead of simply passing along his misery and grief, he shared whatever happiness he did have, doubling it.

what is positivity? 

It doesn't mean to say inspiring words or positive words always.... it simply means to look at the bright side irrespective of the position you are. 

Acc to gaur gopal das, 

never ask "WHY" 

"why this happened to me??? " ( because sometimes things are beyond your control) 

Its all about asking" HOW "

" How I should deal with this?? 

be happy.... stay happy always..... &  make others happy..... 

“Whatever You Give To Life, Life Gives You Back”

How One CEO Taught His Employees A Lesson In Integrity


A successful business man was growing old and knew it was time to choose a successor to take over the business.

Instead of choosing one of his Directors or his children, he decided to do something different. He called all the young executives in his company together.

He said, “It is time for me to step down and choose the next CEO. I have decided to choose one of you..”

The young executives were Shocked, but the boss continued. “I am going to give each one of you a SEED today – one very special SEED… I want you to plant the seed, water it, and come back here one year from today with what you have grown from the seed I have given you. I will then judge the plants that you bring, and the one I choose will be the next CEO.”

One man, named Jim, was there that day and he, like the others, received a seed. He went home and excitedly, told his wife the story. She helped him get a pot, soil and compost and he planted the seed. Everyday, he would water it and watch to see if it had grown. After about three weeks, some of the other executives began to talk about their seeds and the plants that were beginning to grow.

Jim kept checking his seed, but nothing ever grew.

Three weeks, four weeks, five weeks went by, still nothing.

By now, others were talking about their plants, but Jim didn’t have a plant and he felt like a failure.

Six months went by — still nothing in Jim’s pot. He just knew he had killed his seed. Everyone else had trees and tall plants, but he had nothing. Jim didn’t say anything to his colleagues, however.

He just kept watering and fertilising the soil – He so wanted the seed to grow.

A year finally went by and all the young executives of the company brought their plants to the CEO for inspection.

Jim told his wife that he wasn’t going to take an empty pot. But she asked him to be honest about what happened. Jim felt sick to his stomach, it was going to be the most embarrassing moment of his life, but he knew his wife was right. He took his empty pot to the board room. When Jim arrived, he was amazed at the variety of plants grown by the other executives. They were beautiful — in all shapes and sizes. Jim put his empty pot on the floor and many of his colleagues laughed, a few felt sorry for him!

When the CEO arrived, he surveyed the room and greeted his young executives.

Jim just tried to hide in the back. “My, what great plants, trees, and flowers you have grown,” said the CEO. “Today one of you will be appointed the next CEO!”

All of a sudden, the CEO spotted Jim at the back of the room with his empty pot. He ordered the Financial Director to bring him to the front. Jim was terrified. He thought, “The CEO knows I’m a failure! Maybe he will have me fired!”

When Jim got to the front, the CEO asked him what had happened to his seed – Jim told him the story.

The CEO asked everyone to sit down except Jim. He looked at Jim, and then announced to the young executives, “Behold your next Chief Executive Officer!

His name is Jim!” Jim couldn’t believe it. Jim couldn’t even grow his seed.

“How could he be the new CEO?” the others said.

Then the CEO said, “One year ago today, I gave everyone in this room a seed. I told you to take the seed, plant it, water it, and bring it back to me today. But I gave you all boiled seeds; they were dead – it was not possible for them to grow.

All of you, except Jim, have brought me trees and plants and flowers. When you found that the seed would not grow, you substituted another seed for the one I gave you. Jim was the only one with the courage and honesty to bring me a pot with my seed in it. Therefore, he is the one who will be the new Chief Executive Officer!”

* If you plant honesty, you will reap trust
* If you plant goodness, you will reap friends
* If you plant humility, you will reap greatness
* If you plant perseverance, you will reap contentment
* If you plant consideration, you will reap perspective
* If you plant hard work, you will reap success
* If you plant forgiveness, you will reap reconciliation
* If you plant faith in God, you will reap a harvest

So, be careful what you plant now; it will determine what you will reap later.

“Whatever You Give To Life, Life Gives You Back”

What is love - A Doctor’s Wisdom on Abortion

A Doctor’s Wisdom on Abortion

‘Doctor, I have a serious problem and desperately need your help! My baby is not even 1 year old and I’m pregnant again. I don’t want kids so close together.’

So the doctor said: ‘OK and what do you want me to do?’

She said: ‘I want you to end my pregnancy, and I’m counting on your help with this.’

The doctor thought for a little, and after some silence he said to the lady: ‘I think I have a better solution for your problem. It’s less dangerous for you too.’

She smiled, thinking that the doctor was going to accept her request.

Then he continued: ‘You see, in order for you not to have to take care of 2 babies at the same time, let’s kill the one in your arms. This way, you could rest some before the other one is born. If we’re going to kill one of them, it doesn’t matter which one it is. There would be no risk for your body if you chose the one in your arms.’

The lady was horrified and said: ‘No doctor! How terrible! It’s a crime to kill a child!’

‘I agree’, the doctor replied. ‘But you seemed to be OK with it, so I thought maybe that was the best solution.’

The doctor smiled, realising that he had made his point.

He convinced the mom that there is no difference in killing a child that’s already been born and one that’s still in the womb. The crime is the same!

If you agree, please SHARE.

Together we can help save precious lives!

Love says, ‘I sacrifice myself for the good of the other person.’ Abortion says, ‘I sacrifice the other person for the good of myself.’

sharp your axe everytime

Once upon a time, a very strong woodcutter asked for a job in a timber merchant and he got it. The pay was really good and so was the work condition. For those reasons, the woodcutter was determined to do his best.
His boss gave him an axe and showed him the area where he supposed to work.
The first day, the woodcutter brought 18 trees.
“Congratulations,” the boss said. “Go on that way!”
Very motivated by the boss words, the woodcutter tried harder the next day, but he could only bring 15 trees.
The third day he tried even harder, but he could only bring 10 trees. Day after day he was bringing less and less trees.
“I must be losing my strength”, the woodcutter thought. He went to the boss and apologized, saying that he could not understand what was going on.
“When was the last time you sharpened your axe?” the boss asked.
“Sharpen? I had no time to sharpen my axe. I have been very busy trying to cut trees…”

Reflection:

Our lives are like that. We sometimes get so busy that we don’t take time to sharpen the “axe”. In today’s world, it seems that everyone is busier than ever, but less happy that ever.
Why is that? Could it be that we have forgotten how to stay “sharp”?
 There’s nothing wrong with activity and hard work. But we should not get so busy that we neglect the truly important things in life, like our personal life, taking time to get close to our Creator, giving more time for our family, taking time to read etc.
We all need time to relax, to think and meditate, to learn and grow. If we don’t take the time to sharpen the “axe”, we will become dull and lose our effectiveness.

Happiness, the only thing that matters...

Title :
Happiness, the only thing that matters at the end of the day.
.
.Yesterday I was watching TEDx Mid-Atlantic talk .And I happened to watch the talk of Sam Bern's .
Well if you don't know about him , you can Google it .
He was among the rare people of this world who have progeria. Well ,let me put some light on this disease. It's a rare case of genetic disorder in which the aging of the person occurs in a twice/ thrice faster rate .
.
He was suffering from this fatal disease, he knew that he is going to be consumed by the barbarian death . But still, he figured out, how to make those moments of life a lively one . He found his passion in his short span of life and dared to pursue that . If you are determined to "extract "the real meaning of life , then these obstacles can not stymie your path and "distract" you .
.
.
Yeah, you heard it right , a person who was lying on the bed of death had a passion of playing drums .( You can watch in YouTube).  And he didn't wait for any "validations" to pursue that dream , because he knew that ultimately that is the only thing which is going to make him happy.
So the thing is that, it doesn't matter how much I earned,how much I worked , how much I achieved , if I am not going to wind up my day with a smile on my face and contentment in my heart . "Happiness"is something which exudes positivity into life .
And at last , concluding this with a famous Bollywood dialogue..
"Babumoshay , Zindagi lambi nhi badi honi chahiye"
(Eng translation - :
You should live a big(well-endowed/majestic) life, not a long life.)
Thank you:)

Physics - Why does a mirage happen in the desert?

Why does a mirage happen in the desert?

It is due to the phenomena of 'total internal reflection'. On a very hot day in a desert, the air just in contact with sand is hotter than the air above it due to the high temperature of sand. This causes the refractive index of the air in contact with the sand to be lower than that of the air above it. Thus, sunlight passes through a medium of higher refractive index to that of lower refractive index.

 At a particular angle, the angle of incidence becomes greater than the critical angle and all the conditions of total internal reflections are fulfilled. This causes the sunlight to reflect from the interface of both the air columns itself without touching the sand. Hence, it appears as a watery surface from far off distances, also known as mirage.

 While going nearer to the apparent water, the angle of incidence of sunlight decreases and becomes less than the critical angle. So, total internal reflection does not occur for that point at that angle and hence the mirage disappears.

Mirage is thus visible only when the distance from a point is greater than a critical distance determined by the refractive index of the air columns to satisfy the condition of critical angle for total internal reflection to occur.

Physics - why frequency remains constant during refraction???

why frequency remains constant during refraction??

(1)At the boundary/interface of the medium, the number of waves you send is the number of waves you receive, at the other side, almost instantly. Frequency doesn't change because it depends on travelling of waves across the interface.

But speed and wavelength change as the material on the other side may be different, so now it might have a longer/shorter size of wave and so the number of waves per unit time changes.
           


(2)Frequency of light depends on Energy and vice versa  E= hf
Thus to change frequency of light the energy should be changed.
But light is quantised, it can not lose or gain its energy partially, this means that light frequency should not be changed.

(3)At an interface the total energy must add up and this requires the frequency to remain constant outside and inside the medium. On the other hand the wavelength ,lambda, depends on the speed of light in the medium and is reduced by the index of refraction, n.

*Complete List of MS Excel Shortcut Key*

*Complete List of MS Excel Shortcut Key*


Ctrl+A - Select All
Ctrl+B - Bold
Ctrl+C - Copy
Ctrl+D - Fill Down
Ctrl+F - Find
Ctrl+G - Goto
Ctrl+H - Replace
Ctrl+I - Italic
Ctrl+K - Insert Hyperlink
Ctrl+N - New Workbook
Ctrl+O - Open
Ctrl+P - Print
Ctrl+R - Fill Right
Ctrl+S - Save
Ctrl+U - Underline
Ctrl+V - Paste
Ctrl W - Close
Ctrl+X - Cut
Ctrl+Y - Repeat
Ctrl+Z - Undo
F1 - Help
F2 - Edit
F3 - Paste Name
F4 - Repeat last action
F4 - While typing a formula, switch between absolute/relative refs
F5 - Goto
F6 - Next Pane
F7 - Spell check
F8 - Extend mode
F9 - Recalculate all workbooks
F10 - Activate Menubar
F11 - New Chart
F12 - Save As
Ctrl+: - Insert Current Time
Ctrl+; - Insert Current Date
Ctrl+" - Copy Value from Cell Above
Ctrl+’ - Copy Formula from Cell Above
Shift - Hold down shift for additional functions in Excel’s menu
Shift+F1 - What’s This?
Shift+F2 - Edit cell comment
Shift+F3 - Paste function into formula
Shift+F4 - Find Next
Shift+F5 - Find
Shift+F6 - Previous Pane
Shift+F8 - Add to selection
Shift+F9 - Calculate active worksheet
Shift+F10 - Display shortcut menu
Shift+F11 - New worksheet
Shift+F12 - Save
Ctrl+F3 - Define name
Ctrl+F4 - Close
Ctrl+F5 - XL, Restore window size
Ctrl+F6 - Next workbook window
Shift+Ctrl+F6 - Previous workbook window
Ctrl+F7 - Move window
Ctrl+F8 - Resize window
Ctrl+F9 - Minimize workbook
Ctrl+F10 - Maximize or restore window
Ctrl+F11 - Inset 4.0 Macro sheet
Ctrl+F1 - File Open
Alt+F1 - Insert Chart
Alt+F2 - Save As
Alt+F4 - Exit
Alt+F8 - Macro dialog box
Alt+F11 - Visual Basic Editor
Ctrl+Shift+F3 - Create name by using names of row and column labels
Ctrl+Shift+F6 - Previous Window
Ctrl+Shift+F12 - Print
Alt+Shift+F1 - New worksheet
Alt+Shift+F2 - Save
Alt+= - AutoSum
Ctrl+` - Toggle Value/Formula display
Ctrl+Shift+A - Insert argument names into formula
Alt+Down arrow - Displayy AutoComplete list
Alt+’ - Format Style dialog box
Ctrl+Shift+~ - General format
Ctrl+Shift+! - Comma format
Ctrl+Shift+@ - Time format
Ctrl+Shift+# - Date format
Ctrl+Shift+$ - Currency format
Ctrl+Shift+% - Percent format
Ctrl+Shift+^ - Exponential format
Ctrl+Shift+& - Place outline border around selected cells
Ctrl+Shift+_ - Remove outline border
Ctrl+Shift+* - Select current region
Ctrl++ - Insert
Ctrl+- - Delete
Ctrl+1 - Format cells dialog box
Ctrl+2 - Bold
Ctrl+3 - Italic
Ctrl+4 - Underline
Ctrl+5 - Strikethrough
Ctrl+6 - Show/Hide objects
Ctrl+7 - Show/Hide Standard toolbar
Ctrl+8 - Toggle Outline symbols
Ctrl+9 - Hide rows
Ctrl+0 - Hide columns
Ctrl+Shift+( - Unhide rows
Ctrl+Shift+) - Unhide columns
Alt or F10 - Activate the menu
Ctrl+Tab - In toolbar: next toolbar
Shift+Ctrl+Tab - In toolbar: previous toolbar
Ctrl+Tab - In a workbook: activate next workbook
Shift+Ctrl+Tab - In a workbook: activate previous workbook
Tab - Next tool
Shift+Tab - Previous tool
Enter - Do the command
Shift+Ctrl+F - Font Drop Down List
Shift+Ctrl+F+F - Font tab of Format Cell Dialog box
Shift+Ctrl+P - Point size Drop Down List

MS Short-cut keys

⚫Ctrl + N = will open a new word document
⚫Ctrl + O = will open the ‘Open’ box to open previously saved documents
⚫Ctrl + W = will close the current word document
⚫Ctrl + S = to save the currently open word document
⚫Ctrl + P = will give the print option for current document
⚫Ctrl + Z = will undo the last action
⚫Ctrl + Y = will restore the action undone
⚫Ctrl + X = will cut selected item
⚫Ctrl + C = will copy selected text/item
⚫Ctrl + V = will paste the previously cut/copy selected text/item
⚫Ctrl + A = Selects all the text
⚫Ctrl + F = will open Find and Replace option/dialogue box
⚫Ctrl + B = will bold-en the selected text
⚫Ctrl + I = will italicize the selected text
⚫Ctrl + U = will underline the selected text
⚫Ctrl + Shift + D = Double underline
⚫Ctrl +Shift + > = will increase the font size of selected text
⚫Ctrl +Shift + < = will decrease the font size of selected text
⚫Ctrl + 2 = double line spacing
⚫End = will take you to the end of a line
⚫Home = will take you to the beginning of a line
⚫Ctrl + End = will take you to the very end of a document (last page/last line/last word!)
⚫Ctrl + Home = will take you to the very beginning of a document
⚫Shift + F3 = will change the case of letters of selected text
⚫Ctrl + Shift + F = will activate the ‘Font’ option and you can chose the font you want
⚫Ctrl + Shift + N = will apply the ‘Normal’ style to the selected text
⚫Ctrl + ‘equal sign’ = for subscript. i.e., select a text first, then do - ‘ctrl + =’.
⚫Ctrl + Shift + ‘the plus sign’ = for superscript.

Strategy for IBPS PO 2017

Must Do for IBPS PO 2017:
English Language

■ Develop Reading Habits and read newspaper daily to improve comprehension skills
■ Improve Vocabulary daily note atleast 10 words for Fillers and Cloze test questions
■Learn English Grammar Rules related to all parts of speech
■Memorise all important phrasal verbs learn all the different type of sentence structures, e.g. Conditionals etc.
■ For Sentence Rearrangement, learn the connecting words, conjunctions, and prepositional phrases.
■For new pattern questions, always read the directions twice, If the direction is clear then you can easily answer the questions.


Must Do for IBPS PO 2017: Quantitative Aptitude

■ Tables, squares, cubes, sq. roots and cube roots.
■ Develop the ability of speedy calculation to save time by watching online videos.
■Learn formulae and techniques for arithmetic portion - Time and Work, Speed Distance and Time, Upstream-Downstream, Percentage, Ratio, Average, Profit and Loss, SI & CI, Problem on trains, problem on ages.
■Practice tough level questions of Probability, Permutation and Combination .
(start from your favourite topic)

Must Do for IBPS PO 2017: Reasoning Ability

■ Improve your calculation speed and accuracy.
■ Practice with High Level Puzzles and Seating Arrangement questions.Develop higher order thinking skills.
■ Practice Logical Reasoning Question, Direction Sense Questions, Blood Relation,  Coding-Decoding, Machine Input-Output.

Must Do for IBPS PO 2017: General awareness

■ Read daily news and quiz
■ Make your own tricks to learn static gk for national parks,dams ,rivers ,state gk , bank tag lines hq etc
■ Own tricks will help u to remember more.
■ And daily revise all what u have learn or go through daily.

Percentage Question - math aptitude

Q-:1
In presidency college two candidates contested a presidential election. 15% of the voters did not vote and 41 votes were invalid. The elected contestant got 314 votes more than the other candidate. If the elected candidate got 45% of the total eligible votes, which is equal to the no of all the students of the college . the individual votes of each candidate are - :

Solution-:

let total number of voters = x
total votes = 85x/100
total valid votes= 85x/100 - 41
number of votes winner get = 45x/100
number of votes loser get =
45x/100 - 314
total number of valid votes = number of votes winner get + number of votes loser get
=> 85x/100 - 41= 45x/100 + 45x/100 - 314
=> 85x - 4100 = 90x - 31400
=> 5x = 27300
=> x = 5460
total votes = 5460
votes of winner = 45% of 5460
= 45* 5460/100
= 2457
votes of loser = 2457-314 = 2143



Q-2


A group of students prepared stuffed toys as part of their group activity. They spent Rs. 100 on velvet, Rs 5 on thread and needle and Rs. 27 on miscellaneous items on each toy. They made 50 toys, 50% of which were purchased by force by some senior students causing them a loss of 50%. At what % profit should they sell the remaining toys so as to gain 50% on their total cost?

a) 100%
b) 150%
c) 75%
d) 125%
e) None of these

Ans-:

Total cost =100+27+5=132
Total cost price=132×50= 6600
let % of profit required to sell the rest 25 toys = x %
(3300- 3300*50/100)+(3300 + 3300*x/100)= 6600 + 6600* 50/100
=> 3300(1-1/2+1+x/100)= 6600(150/100)
=> 3/2 + x/100= 2 (150/100)
=> 300/2 + x = 2*150
=> 150 + x = 300
=> x=150%


Q-3 -:


Jamila sold a table and chair for rs 1050 thereby making a profit of 10% on table and 25% on chair.If she had taken a profit of 25% on table and 10% on chair she would have got rs 1065. Find the cost price of each.

Ans - :

Let the cost price of the table be Rs x and the cost price of the chair be Rs y.
The selling price of the table, when it is sold at a profit of 10% = Rs x + 10x/100 = 110x / 100

The selling price of the chair when it is sold at a profit of 25% = Rs y + 25y/100 = 125y / 100

So, 110x / 100 + 125y / 100 = 1050    ... (1)

When the table is sold at a profit of 25%, its selling price = Rs (x + 25x/100) = Rs 125x / 100

When the chair is sold at a profit of 10%, its selling price = Rs (y + 10y/100) = Rs 110y / 100

So, 125x / 100 + 110y / 100 = 1065   ... (2)

Solve (1) and (2), we get
x = 500 and y = 400

Hence. the cost price of the table is Rs 500 and the cost price of the chair is Rs 400.

Let us decide when to jump!

Put a frog into a vessel fill with water and start heating the water.
As the temperature of the water begins to rise, the frog adjust its body temperature accordingly.
The frog keeps adjusting its body temperature with the increasing temperature of the water. Just when the water is about to reach boiling point, the frog cannot adjust anymore. At this point the frog decides to jump out.
The frog tries to jump but it is unable to do so because it has lost all its strength in adjusting with the rising water temperature.
Very soon the frog dies.
What killed the frog?
Think about it!
I know many of us will say the boiling water. But the truth about what killed the frog was its own inability to decide when to jump out.
We all need to adjust with people & situations, but we need to be sure when we need to adjust & when we need to move on. There are times when we need to face the situation and take appropriate actions.
If we allow people to exploit us
physically, emotionally, financially, spiritually or mentally they will continue to do so.
Let us decide when to jump!
Let's jump while we still have the strength.